In this unit, students expand their study of probability by exploring Random Variables and their Probability Distributions. Students will distinguish between discrete random variables and continuous random variables, learning to represent them using probability histograms and density curves.

Key topics include calculating and interpreting the mean (μ_x)—also known as the expected value E(X)—and the standard deviation (σ_x) of a random variable in context.

Students will also master the critical rules for transforming and combining random variables. This includes understanding how measures of center and spread change during linear transformations (adding/multiplying constants) and how to calculate the new mean and standard deviation when adding or subtracting independent variables. Remember: you can add variances (σ²), but you cannot add standard deviations!