In this unit, students begin formal statistical inference by learning to construct and interpret confidence intervals for population parameters. They will master the Point Estimate ± Margin of Error formula and learn how to determine the appropriate critical values (z_* or t_*).

The curriculum emphasizes the State-Plan-Do-Conclude four-step process. Students will learn to verify the conditions for inference (Random, 10%, and Normal/Large Counts) and explore how sample size and confidence level affect the width of an interval. Key topics include distinguishing between the interpretation of a confidence interval (the range of values) versus the interpretation of a confidence level (the long-run success rate of the method).